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As the sport of Formula One racing grows ever more technically demanding, so the practice of testing has grown in importance. The old principle of tinkering with an instinctively designed car has long since been superseded by systematic testing of every major component and structure - both before and after the car is fully built and ready to race.
Much of this testing work happens unseen, deep within the constructors' factories and wind tunnel facilities. Once cars are assembled the more conspicuous type of testing begins, out on race tracks with real drivers at the wheel. This is where a car's fundamental abilities can be properly assessed for the first time - many cars that look great 'on paper' have turned out to perform poorly on the track. But track testing is also where the steady evolution that happens to all Formula One cars during the course of their life begins, a constant improvement of tiny details and set-up.
A modern Formula One team's testing programme is a major exercise in both manpower and logistics and most of the big constructors run separate 'testing' teams in addition to the race team proper. Many teams also use test drivers to take a share of the testing burden from the race drivers themselves, though their role has been somewhat reduced in recent seasons by increasingly stringent testing restrictions.
Regulations limit each constructor to 30,000km of testing per season, the majority of which will be done during multi-team tests (normally three days in duration) at FIA-approved racetracks around Europe, where any team can elect to pay a portion of the costs and to bring its cars. In addition, teams also operate closed sessions where they will trial top-secret future machinery or innovations. As part of moves to reduce the costs of the sport of Formula One racing, there is a voluntary six-week testing ban during the late summer in which no teams test built cars anywhere. This is intended to reduce the pressure on smaller teams at a time in the season when the larger teams' greater financial muscle tended to buy them the most advantage. There is also a voluntary six-week testing ban immediately following the end of the season.
Regulation changes introduced in 2007 mean that Grand Prix Fridays also serve as a test day of sorts, with teams allowed to run extra test drivers in addition to their two race drivers (though they are still limited to two cars per session). Each of Friday’s two practice sessions was extended from one hour to 90 minutes, with race drivers permitted to use alternative engines, allowing them to preserve their race engines for the remainder of the weekend.
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